The current pyrometallurgy process requires large amounts of coal to produce metals, such as iron, synthetic rutile and others from their respective oxide minerals.

There are ongoing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and carbon waste generated in these processes. To minimise the impact of these emissions, a renewed focus on a sustainable way of producing these metals is needed. Using renewable fuels in pyrometallurgy can minimise raw materials wastage and greenhouse gas emissions to an extent. Increased demand has been seen in recent years for green hydrogen as an alternate reductant in the reduction process with the goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions.

This presentation will provide insights into the production of bio-metallic iron, bio-rutile, green iron, and green rutile from oxide minerals using reduction techniques.